Mixed Reality in the Operating Room: A Systematic Review

Abstract
Mixed Reality is a technology that has gained attention due to its unique capabilities for accessing and visualizing information.
When integrated with voice control mechanisms, gestures and even iris movement, it becomes a valuable tool for
medicine. These features are particularly appealing for the operating room and surgical learning, where access to information
and freedom of hand operation are fundamental. This study examines the most significant research on mixed reality in the
operating room over the past five years, to identify the trends, use cases, its applications and limitations. A systematic review
was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines
to answer the research questions established using the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator and Outcome) framework.
Although implementation of Mixed Reality applications in the operations room presents some challenges, when used
appropriately, it can yield remarkable results. It can make learning easier, flatten the learning curve for several procedures,
and facilitate various aspects of the surgical processes. The articles’ conclusions highlight the potential benefits of these
innovations in surgical practice while acknowledging the challenges that must be addressed. Technical complexity, equipment
costs, and steep learning curves present significant obstacles to the widespread adoption of Mixed Reality and computerassisted
evaluation. The need for more flexible approaches and comprehensive studies is underscored by the specificity of
procedures and limited samples sizes. The integration of imaging modalities and innovative functionalities holds promise
for clinical applications. However, it is important to consider issues related to usability, bias, and statistical analyses. Mixed
Reality offers significant benefits, but there are still open challenges such as ergonomic issues, limited field of view, and
battery autonomy that must be addressed to ensure widespread acceptance.

XXXIX Seminario APURF. A Coruña 2024

TALIONIS organiza el XXXIX Seminario APURF de la asociación de profesores universitarios de Radiologia y Mediicna Física con la colaboración del área de Radiología y Medicina Física de la Universidade da Coruña. Se celebra en el CITIC y el Colegio Oficial de Médicos de A Coruña entre el 18 y el 20 de abril de 2024

Outcome measures applied to robotic assistive technology for people with cerebral palsy: a pilot study

The application of robotic devices is being used as Assistive Technology (AT) for improving rehabilitation interventions. The purposes of this research were to (1) test a novel low-cost robotic AT to support interventions for people with Cerebral Palsy (CP); (2) determine its usability; and (3) analyze its impact. It was a pilot study with prospective, longitudinal and analytical cohorts was done. Intervention was developed in one association (NGO) of people with CP. Participants were 6 women and 3 men with CP, with a mean age of 51.67. Intervention with LOLA2 (a robotic platform, not wearable, equipped with artificial intelligence) was implemented for training some activities of daily life (ADL) of participants. Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Technology Scale (PIADS), and Assistive Technology Device Predisposition Assessment (ATPA) were used for outcome measures. Level of participants’ independence was high (FIM = 98). Psychosocial impact of the robotic platform in terms of competence (M = 0.25), adaptability (M = 0.33), and self-esteem (M = 0.25), was positive, but low. The mean in ATDPA (M = 3) reflects a moderate match. No significant variations concerning the changes in functional independence were detected. The robotic platform is applicable and complementary AT for rehabilitation. This study leads to implementing some improvements in its design, proposed activities, human-robot interaction, and system for registering information.